Hookah Use Predicts Cigarette Smoking Progression Among College Smokers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Associations between hookah tobacco smoking knowledge and hookah smoking behavior among US college students.
Hookah tobacco smoking is increasing among US college students, including those who would not otherwise use tobacco. Part of hookah's appeal is attributed to the perception that hookah is less harmful than cigarettes. The aims of this study were to assess knowledge of harmful exposures associated with hookah smoking relative to cigarette smoking and to determine associations between this knowle...
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BackgroundAlthough over the last decade smoking rates have decreased, hookahs seem to have proved increasingly popular in some eastern countries. It has been demonstrated that smoking increases the plasma fibrinogen level, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to investigate the extent to which hookah smokers in comparison with cigarette smokers and n...
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Background: Smoking causes 5.2 million deaths annually in the world of which 70% occur in developing countries. Hookah smoking is increasing around the world especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region including Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate the pattern of tobacco smoking in both forms of cigarette and hookah smoking. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1462-2203,1469-994X
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu343